Ibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezokuxhumana kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefiber optical.
Ulimi
Ibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezokuxhumana kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefiber optical.
Umlando wezikhungo zedatha
Izikhungo zedatha zisukela kuma-1940s. I-Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) yamasosha aseMelika (i-ENIAC), eyaqedwa ngo-1945 eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania, iyisibonelo sakuqala sesikhungo sedatha esasidinga indawo ezinikele yokugcina imishini yaso emikhulu.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amakhompiyutha aba ngosayizi osebenza kahle, adinga indawo encane ebonakalayo. Ngawo-1990s, amakhompyutha amancane afika endaweni yesigameko, ehlisa kakhulu inani lesikhala esidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-IT. Lawa ma-microcomputer aqala ukugcwalisa amagumbi amakhompyutha ozimele abakhulu aziwa ngokuthi “amaseva,” futhi amagumbi aziwa ngokuthi “izikhungo zedatha.”
Ukufika kwe-cloud computing ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwaphazamisa kakhulu isimo sesikhungo sedatha esivamile. Amasevisi wamafu avumela izinhlangano ukuthi zifinyelele izinsiza zekhompuyutha lapho zifunwa khona, nge-inthanethi, ngamanani akhokhelwayo ngokusetshenziswa—okuvumela ukuguquguquka kokukhuphuka noma ukwehla njengoba kudingeka.
Ngo-2006, i-Google yethula isikhungo sokuqala sedatha ye-hyperscale e-Dalles, e-Oregon. Lesi sikhungo se-hyperscale okwamanje sithatha indawo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.3 futhi siqashe abasebenzi abangaba ngu-200 besikhungo sedatha.1
Ucwaningo oluvela kwaMcKinsey & Company lwenza ukuthi imboni ikhule ngo-10% ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2030, nokusetshenziswa kwemali emhlabeni wonke ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo ezintsha kufinyelela ku-USD49 billion.2
Izinhlobo zezikhungo zedatha
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsiza zesikhungo sedatha, futhi inkampani eyodwa ingase isebenzise uhlobo olungaphezu kolulodwa, kuye ngomthwalo wemisebenzi nezidingo zebhizinisi.
Izikhungo zedatha yebhizinisi (emagcekeni).
Le modeli yesikhungo sedatha isingatha yonke ingqalasizinda ye-IT nedatha esemagcekeni. Izinkampani eziningi zikhetha izikhungo zedatha ezisemagcekeni. Banokulawula okwengeziwe ekuvikelekeni kolwazi futhi bangathobela kalula imithethonqubo efana ne-European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) noma Umthetho Wokuthwala Umshwalense Wezempilo wase-US (HIPAA). Inkampani inesibopho sayo yonke imisebenzi yokusatshalaliswa, yokuqapha nokuphatha esikhungweni sedatha yebhizinisi.
Izikhungo zedatha yamafu omphakathi kanye nezikhungo zedatha ye-hyperscale
Izikhungo zedatha yamafu (ezibizwa nangokuthi izikhungo zedatha ye-cloud computing) izinsiza zengqalasizinda ye-IT ukuze zisetshenziswe amakhasimende amaningi—kusuka kuzikolo ukuya ezigidini—ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi.
Izikhungo eziningi ezinkulu zedatha yamafu—ezibizwa ngokuthi izikhungo zedatha ye-hyperscale—ziqhutshwa abahlinzeki benkonzo yamafu abakhulu (CSPs), njenge-Amazon Web Services (AWS), i-Google Cloud Platform, i-IBM Cloud ne-Microsoft Azure. Lezi zinkampani zinezikhungo zedatha ezinkulu kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba. Isibonelo, i-IBM isebenza ngaphezu kwe-60 Cloud Data Centers ye-IBM ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
Izikhungo zedatha ye-Hyperscale zikhulu kunezikhungo zedatha ezivamile futhi zingamboza izigidi zamamitha-skwele. Ngokuvamile aqukethe okungenani amaseva angu-5,000 namamayela ezinto zokuxhuma, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angaba mkhulu njengo-60,000 wamafidi-skwele.
Abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu ngokuvamile bagcina izikhungo zedatha ezincane, ezinqenqemeni (ama-EDC) aseduze namakhasimende amafu (kanye namakhasimende wamakhasimende amafu). Izikhungo zedatha ye-Edge zakha isisekelo sekhompuyutha esemaphethelweni, uhlaka lwekhompuyutha esabalalisiwe olusondeza izinhlelo zokusebenza kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Izikhungo zedatha ye-Edge zilungele umsebenzi wesikhathi sangempela, odinga idatha njengokuhlaziya idatha enkulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), ukufunda ngomshini (ML) nokulethwa kokuqukethwe. Zisiza ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lonke kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende.
Izikhungo zedatha eziphethwe kanye nezindawo zokubeka izindawo
Izikhungo zedatha eziphethwe kanye nezindawo zokubeka izindawo kuyizinketho zezinhlangano ezingenaso isikhala, abasebenzi noma ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha ingqalasizinda yazo ye-IT emagcekeni. Lezi zinketho zifanelekile kulabo abakhetha ukungasingathi ingqalasizinda yabo ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezabiwe zesikhungo sedatha yamafu womphakathi.
Esikhungweni sedatha esiphethwe, inkampani yeklayenti iqashisa amaseva azinikele, ukugcinwa kanye ne-hardware yenethiwekhi kumhlinzeki, futhi umhlinzeki uphatha ukuphathwa kwenkampani yeklayenti, ukuqapha nokuphatha.
Esikhungweni sokuhlukaniswa, inkampani yeklayenti ingumnikazi wayo yonke ingqalasizinda futhi iqashisa indawo ezinikele ukuze isingathe ngaphakathi kwendawo. Kumodeli yendabuko ye-colocation, inkampani yeklayenti inokufinyelela kuphela ku-hardware kanye nesibopho esigcwele sokuyiphatha. Le modeli ilungele ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kodwa ngokuvamile ayisebenzi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuvalwa noma izimo eziphuthumayo. Namuhla, abahlinzeki abaningi be-colocation bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuphatha nokuqapha kumakhasimende azifunayo.
Izinkampani zivame ukukhetha izikhungo zedatha eziphethwe kanye nezindawo zokubeka endaweni yokugcina idatha ekude nobuchwepheshe bokuthola izinhlekelele (DR) kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SMB).
Isakhiwo samanje sesikhungo sedatha
Izikhungo eziningi zedatha yesimanje, okuhlanganisa ezangaphakathi endlini, zivele ekwakhiweni kwendabuko kwe-IT. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa uhlelo ngalunye noma umthwalo womsebenzi kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezizinikezele, manje zisebenzisa i-architecture yamafu lapho izinsiza ezibonakalayo ezifana nama-CPU, isitoreji kanye nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kwenziwa njenge-virtual. I-Virtualization yenza lezi zinsiza ukuthi zikhishwe emikhawulweni yazo engokwenyama futhi zihlanganiswe emkhubeni onganikezwa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kanye nomthwalo womsebenzi kunoma yimaphi amanani eziwadingayo.
I-Virtualization iphinde inike amandla ingqalasizinda echazwe yi-software (SDI)—ingqalasizinda engakwazi ukuhlinzekwa, ukumiswa, ukuqhutshwa, ukugcinwa kanye "nokuphothwa phansi" ngokohlelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuholele ekwakhiweni okusha kwesikhungo sedatha njenge-software-defined data centers (SDDC), umqondo wokuphatha iseva owenza izinto zengqalasizinda zibonakale njengenethiwekhi, ukugcinwa nokubala, ukuziletha njengesevisi. Leli khono livumela izinhlangano ukuthi zithuthukise ingqalasizinda yohlelo ngalunye nomthwalo womsebenzi ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ezibonakalayo, ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokulawula izindleko. Amamodeli esikhungo sedatha ye-As-a-service aselungele ukwanda kakhulu, njengoba i-IDC ibikezela ukuthi u-65% wabathengi bezobuchwepheshe bazobeka phambili lawa mamodeli ngo-2026.
