Ibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezokuxhumana kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefiber optical.
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Ibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezokuxhumana kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefiber optical.
Zisebenza Kanjani Izintambo Ze-Fiber Optic?
Enhliziyweni yekhebula ngalinye le-fiber optic kunezintambo zengilazi ezincane neziguquguqukayo, ngayinye inobubanzi obuphindwe kabili kunoboya bomuntu. Lezi zintambo, ezivikelwe yizimbozo ngazinye futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngaphakathi kwejazi eliqinile, ziyizindlela ezinkulu zedatha yethu yedijithali. Ngaphakathi kwentambo ngayinye kukhona "ingqikithi" encane kakhulu yengilazi emsulwa. Yilapho umlingo wenzeka khona.
Ukuze kuthunyelwe idatha, abathumeli abakolunye uhlangothi bahumusha ikhodi ye-binary 1s kanye ne-0s ibe ukukhanya. Lawa ma-pulse okukhanya adubula phansi ingaphakathi lengilazi, agxume aze afike kumukeli ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuguqula ngokushesha ukukhanya kubuyele kudatha esiyisebenzisayo. Uhambo lokukhanya lulawulwa ukwakheka kwekhebula. Emizileni emide, njengemizila exhumanisayo, i-singlemode fiber isebenzisa i-core encane kanye ne-laser egxile ukugcina ukukhanya kusendleleni eqondile nephumelelayo. Ekugijimeni okufushane, njengangaphakathi kwesakhiwo, i-multimode fiber isebenzisa i-core ebanzi, evumela ukukhanya ukuthi kusakazeke futhi kuhambe ngezindlela eziningi, njengokukhanya okugxume ezibukweni ephasijini.
Okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe nge-fiber ye-multimode ukusabalala kwe-modal, lapho izindlela eziningi zokukhanya zihamba ngesivinini esihlukile kancane. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-pulse okukhanya asakazeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunciphisa ibanga lokudlulisela elisebenzayo lezixhumanisi ze-multimode. Kodwa-ke, ngoba zisebenzisa ama-VCSEL angabizi kakhulu kune-laser enamandla aphezulu abizayo, izintambo ze-fiber ze-multimode zihlala ziyisinqumo esithandwayo nesingabizi kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elifushane, njengokuxhumanisa amaseva kanye nokushintsha ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha.
Ekugcineni, ukuqonda umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwe-singlemode kanye ne-multimode fiber kubalulekile ekukhetheni ikhambi elifanele lezintambo endaweni yakho ethile. Ukuze sisekele iphrojekthi yakho, sinikeza ukukhetha okuphelele kwamakhebula e-Fiber Optic Patch asezingeni eliphezulu aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokuxhumana.
Uhlobo Luni Lwedatha Oludluliselwa Yikhebula Le-Fiber Optic?
Cabanga ngekhebula le-fiber optic njengepayipi elijwayelekile. Alinandaba ukuthi yini egeleza kulo—umbhalo we-imeyili, ividiyo yokusakaza, ifayela eliyisipele, noma umyalo wokulawula okude. Uma nje ulwazi lwedijithali lungafomethwa futhi luphathwe, i-fiber ingaluthwala ngesivinini sokukhanya. Ukuphela kwento engakwazi ukuyidlulisela amandla, iluhlukanise nezintambo zethusi zendabuko.
Ngakho-ke, idatha yazi kanjani ukuthi iya kuphi? Lowo ngumsebenzi wezinqubo zokuxhumana. Kumanethiwekhi amaningi, inqubo ekhethwayo yi-Ethernet. Ihlanganisa idatha ibe amaphakethe, iyilebhe ngamakheli omthombo kanye nendawo oya kuyo, futhi isebenza ne-TCP/IP ukuze ihambe ku-inthanethi. Kodwa i-Ethernet akuyona yodwa umdlali. Ezweni le-supercomputing kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-InfiniBand ithatha izintambo ukuze inikeze isivinini esikhulu. Ezikhungweni zokugcina idatha, i-Fibre Channel iphatha ukuphakamisa okunzima.
Kusukela esenzweni esilula sokulayisha ikhasi lewebhu nge-HTTP kuya ezenzakalelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi phansi efektri, amaphrothokholi amaningi ancike esisekelweni esifanayo: uxhumano lwe-fiber optic olulungele ukuthwala idatha yalo, noma ngabe luyini.
Ingakanani Idatha Engathwalwa Yikhebula Le-Fiber Optic Ngempela?
Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungakanani ulwazi olungahamba ngengilazi encane, awuwedwa. Impendulo incike ezintweni ezintathu ezibalulekile: uhlobo lwefayibha, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nemishini exhunywe ekugcineni ngakunye.
Uma uxoxa ngomthamo wefayibha, uzovame ukuzwa amagama amabili ephikiswana: i-bandwidth kanye nesilinganiso sedatha. Nakuba abantu abaningi bewasebenzisa ngokushintshana, asho izinto ezahlukene. Cabanga nge-bandwidth njengosayizi wepayipi—kuyisici esinqunyiwe sekhebula uqobo. Isilinganiso sedatha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi angakanani amanzi ageleza kulelo payipi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ku-fiber ye-multimode, i-bandwidth ilinganiswa njenge-Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB), evezwa nge-Megahertz ngekhilomitha (MHz-km). Indlela elula yokuqonda lokhu yile: uma ikhebula linesilinganiso esingu-500 MHz-km, lingadlulisela isignali engu-500 MHz ebangeni elingamakhilomitha elilodwa. Ufuna ukuya phambili? Kuzodingeka ushintshe imvamisa ethile. Ufuna ukuthumela idatha eyengeziwe? Uzodinga i-bandwidth ephezulu.
Eminyakeni edlule, ubuchwepheshe be-fiber ye-multimode buthuthuke kakhulu. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi sesihambe ibanga elingakanani—kusukela ezizukulwaneni zokuqala kuya ezintanjeni ze-bandwidth ephezulu zanamuhla ezinika amandla izikhungo zedatha zesimanje kanye namanethiwekhi ebhizinisi.
| Uhlobo lwe-Fiber yemodi eminingi | I-EMB ku-850nm |
| OM1 | 200 MHz-km |
| OM2 | 500 MHz-km |
| OM3 | 2000 MHz-km |
| OM4 | 4700 MHz-km |
| OM5 | 4700 MHz-km |
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza: uyini umehluko wangempela phakathi kwe-singlemode kanye ne-multimode fiber? Umehluko oyisisekelo kakhulu ukuthi i-singlemode fiber, ngokusekela indlela eyodwa kuphela yokusabalala kokukhanya, ngokwethiyori ayinamkhawulo ku-modal bandwidth. I-bandwidth yayo eboshiwe ngokuyinhloko ivela emishinini ezinhlangothini zombili—ngamamojula aphezulu optical, izinhlelo ze-singlemode fiber zingafinyelela i-bandwidth kumakhulu ebanga le-GHz.
Lesi sici sokudlulisa idatha sendlela eyodwa sinikeza i-fiber yemodi eyodwa enye inzuzo: ingasebenzisa ama-wavelength amaningi ngempumelelo enkulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha ngasikhathi sinye. I-fiber yemodi eminingi ivame ukusebenza kuma-wavelength angu-850nm kanye no-1300nm (kanye ne-fiber yemodi eminingi ye-OM5 esekela i-880nm, 910nm, kanye no-940nm), kuyilapho i-fiber yemodi eyodwa ingasebenzisa ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu be-wavelength, kusukela ku-1270nm kuze kube yi-1610nm.
Ngakho-ke, i-fiber eyodwa ingadlulisela idatha ngokushesha okungakanani? Ngokuvamile silinganisa lokhu sisebenzisa izinga ledatha, elivezwa ku-Mb/s noma ku-Gb/s. Ngokungafani ne-bandwidth property ye-fiber ngokwayo, izinga ledatha lincike kakhulu emandleni amamojula e-optical. Njengamanje, izinga lokubonisa ngomzila ngamunye selifinyelele ku-100Gb/s. Kodwa lapho kudingeka isivinini esiphezulu, onjiniyela banamathuluzi amabili anamandla abawasebenzisayo: ubuchwepheshe be-parallel optics, obuvumela i-fiber eminingi ukuthi isebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), obuvumela izibonakaliso eziningi kuma-wavelength ahlukene ukuthi zihambe nge-fiber efanayo.
Isibonelo senza lokhu kucace: Ikhebula le-multimode elinamafayibha angu-8, elisebenzisa amafayibha angu-4 okudlulisa kanye namafayibha angu-4 okwamukela, ifayibha ngayinye isebenza ku-100Gb/s, lingafinyelela izinga ledatha eliphelele elingu-400Gb/s. Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu, ikhebula le-singlemode eliphindwe kabili elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM lingafinyelela i-400Gb/s efanayo—ngama-wavelength angu-4 adlulisela ngesikhathi esisodwa kufayibha eyodwa kanye nama-wavelength angu-4 athola ngakolunye. Izindinganiso zamanje zemboni sezivele zisekela i-1.6Tb/s. futhi isivinini esiphezulu nakakhulu siseduze.
Okokugcina, ake sixoxe ngebanga lokudlulisa. Ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo ye-bandwidth ye-singlemode fiber ibaluleke kakhulu, ingagcina izinga elifanayo ledatha ebangeni elide kakhulu. Thatha i-10Gb/s isibonelo: i-multimode fiber ingafinyelela cishe amamitha angu-550, kuyilapho ku-400Gb/s, inqunyelwe cishe amamitha ayi-100. I-singlemode fiber, ngokuphambene, ingadlulisela kalula lezi zivinini ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-40 noma ngaphezulu. Yingakho amanethiwekhi omgogodla omude kufanele asebenzise i-singlemode fiber, kuyilapho i-multimode fiber—nezinzuzo zayo zezindleko—ihlala iyisinqumo esiyinhloko sezinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elifushane njengangaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha.
